Multi-Band Antennas for Ship Radars Improve Sea Rescue Services
The Fraunhofer Institute for High-Frequency Physics and Radar Technology FHR has joined forces with the Institute for Microwaves and Plasma Technology of the FH Aachen and Raytheon Anschütz GmbH to develop a harmonic radar system that can safely locate people in the water. At the final presentation of the consortium partners, which also includes the company Kadematic Seenotrettungsgeräte GmbH as an associated partner, the experimental system was successfully tested in Eckernförde.
If a person goes overboard on the high seas and gets out of sight, it is almost impossible to detect the person in the water using the conventional ships’ radar systems. The person in the water hardly stands out on the water surface, because the waves reflect the radar signal too much. This is where SEERAD comes in and offers a system that makes it possible to find shipwrecked people or small lifeboats even at a great distance.
SEERAD uses frequency-converting transponders, so-called tags, which, when integrated in rescue vests, reflect the signal transmitted by a ship’s radar at double the frequency. This enables the detection of very small objects over a distance of up to ten kilometers. Through the connection to the radar software of the project partner Raytheon Anschütz, these detections can be implemented for practical use, e.g. for search and rescue operations on the high seas. The Fraunhofer FHR developed both the antennas for the ship radar as well as the tags for SEERAD. In doing so, the Fraunhofer research team managed to accommodate in more or less the same volume of construction as a conventional ship’s radar antenna, actually two antennas operating on different frequency bands.
In addition to the large antenna, the engineering skills of the Fraunhofer FHR were also needed for the very small antennas of the tags. The antennas that are integrated into the lifejackets must be compact and resistant. Another important requirement was a uniform all-round view.
During the final presentation on the Baltic Sea, several tests with a prepared dummy were carried out successfully, during which a world record was actually achieved with the measurements. The scientists succeeded in locating the dummy at a distance of six kilometers with a transmission power of only 100W. The benchmark for harmonic radar systems used to be around one kilometer with a transmission power of 1000 W.
Through the support of the BMBF it is possible to promote such projects. They have demonstrated in the consortium the fundamental functionality of the SEERAD principle. However, there are still unanswered questions about the system’s ability to be integrated into the ship’s navigation systems, the minimization of disruptions, and ensuring stable operation under harsh sea conditions. In support of this, policymakers are called upon to set the course, much like a safety belt or airbag in a car, to make such a system compulsory for ships in the future.
